Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Its Applications in Wastewater Treatment

In this paper, the extract of Citrus aurantium (CA) was used as a green approach for preparation Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The (Fe3O4/CA) characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). synthesized Fe3O4/CA to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. A four-factor central composite design (CCD), combined with response modeling (RSM), maximize MB removal. four independent variables, which were initial concentration (10–50 mg/L), solution pH (3–9), adsorbent dose (ranging 200–1000 contact time (30–90 min), inputs model perecentage results yielded variance (ANOVA) confirmed high significance regression model. predicted values removal in agreement corresponding experimental values. Optimized conditions maximum (93.14%) (10.02 (8.98), mass (997.99 (43.71 min). validity quadratic examined, good found between Our findings demonstrated that Fe3O4NPs is